EJERCICIO Nº 2 UNIDAD 3.
SCANNING.
HENRY DARCY
Henry Philibert Gaspard Darcy (June 10, 1803 – January 3, 1858) was a French engineer who made several important contributions to hydraulics. He was born in Dijon, France. Despite his father's death in 1817 when he was 14, his mother was able to borrow money to pay for his tutors. In 1821 he enrolled at the École Polytechnique (Polytechnic School) in Paris, and transferred two years later to the École des Ponts et Chaussées (School of Bridges and Roads), which lead to employment in the Corps of Bridges and Roads. In 1855 and 1856 he conducted column experiments that established what has become known as Darcy's law; initially developed to describe flow through sands, it has since been generalized to a variety of situations and is in widespread use today. The unit of fluid permeability, darcy, is named in honor of his work. He died of pneumonia while on a trip to Paris in 1858, and is buried in Cimetière de Dijon (formerly known as Péjoces) in Dijon. PREGUNTAS:
1. Donde y cuando nació Henry Darcy?
He was born in Dijon, France; in June 1803. 2. Donde estudió Darcy?
3. Cuál fue su contribución en la ingeniería de petróleo?
Darcy's law; initially developed to describe flow through sands. 4. Donde murió Darcy?
In Paris, in 1858
PREDICCIÓN, DEDUCCIÓN, SKIMMING
WORKING AS A PETROLEUM ENGINEER
Petroleum (or crude oil) is an essential raw material for modern life. According to the "Petroleum Engineering Overview" from the Career Cornerstone Organization, the United States consumes more than 840 million gallons of petroleum a year. It uses the raw components of crude oil for a wide variety of products: candles, fertilizer, food, ink, perfume, plastics, and soap. The transportation sector depends upon a petroleum base for making the asphalt for roads; airplanes, automobiles, motorcycles, and trucks all require gasoline to function. Heating oil keeps homes warm during the winter. Crude oil is an important element in all of our lives.
Crude oil is the byproduct of extreme pressure and temperature combining with the biological material of decomposed bodies from tiny aquatic plants and animals over many years. With such extensive usage of petroleum there is concern over whether our oil supply will eventually run out. Oil is essential to the functioning of the modern civilization. Petroleum engineers have the job of extracting the scarce oil from difficult environments.
Petroleum engineers will be involved in searching for potential underground oil fields. They will design, plan, and model every stage of the project to extract the petroleum. They will deal with problems as they continually evaluate, identify, and improve processes. They will be responsible for maintenance, safety, government compliance, and planning system upgrades. Advanced jobs include teaching, consulting, and working with a variety of investment businesses and banks.
PREGUNTAS
1. De acuerdo al título y la imagen, ¿cuál cree usted que es el tópico que está a punto de leer?
Procesos de transformación del petróleo.
2. ¿Cuál es la idea general del texto?
Importancia que tiene el petróleo y sus derivados, así como la carrera de ingeniería de petróleo en el mundo actual.
3. ¿Qué palabras se repiten?
Petroleum, petroleum engineers, oil, crude oil.
4. ¿Qué palabras se parecen al español?
Crude, petroleum, modern, essential, organization, consumes, products, perfume, gasoline, plastics, transportation, automobiles, motorcycles, temperature, plants, animals, civilization, potential, problems, project, responsible, consulting.
5. ¿Cuáles son las palabras en negrita, el titulo, subtitulo o gráficos que te ayudan a entender el texto?
Working as a Petroleum Engineer, Petroleum (or crude oil), searching, Advanced jobs
6. ¿De qué trata el texto? Lee el primer párrafo y el último o la ultimas ideas del último párrafo.
En líneas generales, en el texto se habla acerca de la importancia del petróleo y sus derivados en la vida moderna, del origen del petróleo y del rol que desempeña el ingeniero de petróleo.
UNIDADES 1 y 2
Information and communications technology
Information and communications technology or information and communication technology, usually called ICT, is often used as an extended synonym for information technology (IT), but is usually a more general term that stresses the role of unified communications and the integration of telecommunications (telephone lines and wireless signals), intelligent building management systems and audio-visual systems in modern information technology. ICT consists of all technical means used to handle information and aid communication, including computer and network hardware, communication middleware as well as necessary software. In other words, ICT consists of IT as well as telephony, broadcast media, all types of audio and video processing and transmission and network based control and monitoring functions. The expression was first used in 1997 in a report by Dennis Stevenson to the UK government and promoted by the new National Curriculum documents for the UK in 2000.ICT is often used in the context of "ICT roadmap" to indicate the path that an organization will take with their ICT needs.
The term ICT is now also used to refer to the merging (convergence) of audio-visual and telephone networks with computer networks through a single cabling or link system. There are large economic incentives (huge cost savings due to elimination of the telephone network) to merge the audio-visual, building management and telephone network with the computer network system using a single unified system of cabling, signal distribution and management. This in turn has spurred the growth of organizations with the term ICT in their names to indicate their specialization in the process of merging the different network systems.
"ICT" is used as a general term for all kinds of technologies which enable users to create, access and manipulate information. ICT is a combination of information technology and communications technology.
In an increasingly interconnected world, the interactions among devices, systems, and people are growing rapidly. Businesses need to meet the demands of their employees and customers to allow for greater access to systems and information. All of these communications needs must be delivered in a unified way. By offering a scalable infrastructure, cloud computing models enable companies to work smarter through more agile and cost-effective access to technology and information. This unified platform reduces costs and boosts productivity across a business and beyond. Part of an information and communications technology roadmap should involve consolidating infrastructures, while providing added benefits to users in collaboration, messaging, calendaring, instant messaging, audio, video, and Web conferencing. Cloud computing is driving more efficient IT consumption and delivery and taking ICT to the next level.
A. Categorías lexicales y uso del diccionario.
1. Selecciona un texto relacionado con tu área de interés.
Identifica 3 palabras que no conoces. Búscalas en el diccionario, escribe su significado en español.. Agrega las abreviaciones. Indicar que tipo de palabra es (contenido- función)
REPUESTAS
MEANS: medio, sustantivo, palabra de función
MANIPULATE: manipular ,verbo, palabra de contenido
HUGE: Enorme (adjetivo, palabra de contenido)
2. Idea principal del texto (en español). Explique que dice el texto en sus propias palabras.
Trata de las TIC`s como sistemas unificados y de integración de las telecomunicaciones (líneas telefónicas y señales inalámbricas), y de sistemas inteligente de gestión y audiovisuales dentro de las modernas tecnologías de la información actuales.
3. Categorías lexicales: (2 ejemplos por categoría)
Palabras de contenido: technology , telephone
Palabras de Función: acros , beyond
Verbos: manipulate, management
Adverbio: usually, rapidlySustantivo: systems, information
Adjetivo: large, smarter
Artículo: the , a
Preposiciones: in , of
Conjunción: and , or
Cognados verdaderos: general, infrastucture
Cognados Falsos: no hay
Sufijo: processing, consolidating
Prefijos: interconnected, interactions
B. Estructura de la oración:
1. 1.- Seleccione dos oraciones de un texto relacionado con su experticia. (Incluya referencia).
Oracion1.
“Businesses need to meet the demands of their employees and customers to allow for greater access to systems and information .”
Frase nominal: Businesses
Núcleo de la frase nominal: Businesses
Pre modificadores: no
Post modificadores: no
Frase verbal: need to meet the demands of their employees and customers to allow for greater access to systems and information
Núcleo de la frase verbal: need to meet
Tiempo verbal: presente simple
Oracion2.
“This unified platform reduces costs and boosts productivity across a business and beyond.”
Frase nominal: This unified platform
Núcleo de la frase nominal: platform
Pre modificadores: unified
Post modificadores: no
Frase verbal: reduces costs and boosts productivity across a business and beyond.
Núcleo de la frase verbal: reduces costs
Tiempo verbal: presente simple
2. Señales algunas conexiones referenciales presentes en su texto
.- They.
Uso del Diccionario
1.- Selección de un texto en Ingles relacionado a mi campo de experiencia.
ICTs FOR NEW EDUCATION
From: unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0019/001936/193683e.pdf
ICTs has the potential to fundamentally revamp engineering education. ICTs are a series of instruments that transform the way human collectively produce and consume information on a global scale. While many teachers and students are already utilizing some of its capabilities, school and government agencies must design appropriate resource allocation policies to better capture these revolutionary opportunities. On the macro level, policy makers need to use ICTs to collect intelligence on the global scale for the strategic allocation of educational resources. On the micro level, students around the world can have egalitarian access to abundant, high quality educational content, thanks to the ubiquitous nature of Internet. The potential of ICTs in education is further elaborated as follows:
ICTs have already significantly altered the way content knowledge is disseminated. Beside popular video-lecture websites such as MIT Open Courseware and Tunes University, individuals have also become a major contributing source of lecture content. One of most used educational video repository is recorded by one person, Salman Khan, who single handedly created more than 2,000 video tutorials, covering from basic math, chemistry, physics, to financial engineering content. With a major grant from the Gates Foundation, Khan’s website started to provide interactive exercises. It can track students’ individual learning progression and provide statistical feedback to their instructors. It has attracted more than 1 million unique students per month, actively using the website to conduct self-paced learning.
2. Seleccionar 5 palabras nuevas y buscar el significado y tipo de palabra
Revamp: reformar, modernizar. tipo: verbo, contenido Capabilities : capacidades .Tipo: sustantivo, contenido
Allocation: asignacion. Tipo: sustantivo, función
Provide: proporcionar. Tipo : verbo, contenido
Source: fuente. Tipo: adjetivo, función
3. Buscar ejemplos por cada una de las categorías lexicales.
Sustantivos: content, level
Adjetivos: high quality, micro
Palabras de contenido: Internet, chemistry
Palabras de Función: on, more
Verbos: Provide, capture
Adverbio: collectively, handedly
Artículo: a, the
Preposiciones: on, at, of
Conjunción: and, that
Cognados verdaderos: instruments = instrumentos; popular=popular
Cognados Falsos: policy =política, can =puede
Sufijo: significantly, actively
Prefijos: no
4. Idea principal del texto (en español).
Trata sobre las tecnologías de información y comunicación (TIC’s) como potencialidad para modernizar drásticamente la educación en ingeniería a través de una serie de instrumentos que transforman la manera colectiva de producir y hacer uso de la información a escala global y donde muchos profesores y estudiantes están utilizando algunas de las bondades de las TIC`s, al mismo tiempo que se exhorta a las Instituciones educativas y los gobiernos a diseñar políticas apropiadas de asignación de recursos para un rápido y mejor aprovechamiento de estas.
